The Young and the Restless

The Young and the Restless
Theyoungandtherestlesslogo.jpg
Genre Soap opera
Creator(s) William J. Bell
Lee Philip Bell
Senior cast member(s) Jeanne Cooper
Doug Davidson
Melody Thomas Scott
Eric Braeden
Eileen Davidson
Kate Linder
Tracey E. Bregman
Tricia Cast
Jess Walton
Peter Bergman
Tonya Lee Williams
Kristoff St. John
No. of episodes 9,426 (as of June 23, 2010)
Production
Executive producer(s) Maria Arena Bell
(co-executive producer)
Paul Rauch
(co-executive producer)
Head writer(s) Maria Arena Bell,
Hogan Sheffer
and Scott Hamner
Distributor Bell Dramatic Serial Company and Corday Productions, Inc.
in association with Sony Pictures Television (Columbia TriStar Television 2001 until 2002, Columbia Pictures Television 1974 to 2001, and Screen Gems until name change in 1974)
Running time 30 minutes (1973–1980)
60 minutes (1980–present)
Broadcast
Original channel CBS (1973–present)
Original run March 26, 1973 (1973-03-26) – present
External links
Official website

The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. The show is set in a fictional Wisconsin town called Genoa City, which is unlike and unrelated to the real life village of the same name, Genoa City, Wisconsin.[1] First broadcast on March 26, 1973, The Young and the Restless was originally broadcast as half-hour episodes, five times a week.[2][3] It expanded to one hour episodes on February 4, 1980.[4] In 2006 the show began airing on weeknights SOAPnet.[5] The series is also syndicated internationally.[6]

The Young and the Restless originally focuses on two core families, the wealthy Brooks family and the poor Foster family.[2] After a series of recasts and departures, in the early 1980s all the original characters except Jill Foster Abbott were written out. Bell replaced them with the new core families, the Abbotts and the Williams'.[2] Over the years, other families such as the Newmans and the Winters were introduced.[7][8] Despite these changes, one storyline that has endured through almost the show's entire run is the feud between Jill Foster Abbott and Katherine Chancellor, the longest rivalries on any American soap opera.[9][10]

Since its debut, The Young and the Restless has won seven Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series. It is also currently the highest-rated daytime drama on American television. As of 2008, it has appeared at the top of the weekly Nielsen ratings in that category for more than 1000 weeks since 1988.[11]

Contents

Production

To compete with the youthful ABC soap operas, All My Children, One Life to Live, and General Hospital, CBS executives wanted a new daytime serial that was youth oriented.[12] William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell created The Young and the Restless in 1972 for the network under the working title, The Innocent Years![12][13] "We were confronted with the very disturbing reality that young America had lost much of its innocence," Bell said. "Innocence as we had known and lived it all our lives had, in so many respects, ceased to exist."[14] They changed the title of the series to The Young and the Restless because they felt it "reflected the youth and mood of the early seventies."[14] The Bells named the fictional setting for the show after the real Genoa City, Wisconsin, which was located on their way from their then-home in Chicago to their annual summer vacation spot in Lake Geneva.[1]

The Young and the Restless began airing on March 26, 1973, replacing the canceled soap opera, Where the Heart Is.[4] Bell worked as head writer from the debut of the series until his retirement in 1998.[15] He wrote from his home in Chicago while production took place in Los Angeles, California.[6] John Conboy acted as the show's first executive producer, staying in the position until 1982.[4] Bell and H. Wesley Kenney became co-executive producers that year until Edward Scott took over in 1989. Bell then became senior executive producer.[4] Other executive producers included David Shaughnessy,[16] John F. Smith,[17] Lynn Marie Latham,[18] Josh Griffith,[19] Maria Arena Bell, and Paul Rauch.[20]

In the mid-1980s, Bell and his family moved to Los Angeles to create a new soap opera.[6] During this time, his three children, William Jr., Bradley, and Lauralee Bell, each became involved in soap operas. Lauralee Bell worked as an actress on The Young and the Restless. Bradley Bell co-created The Bold and the Beautiful with his father. William Bell Jr. became involved in the family's production companies as president of Bell Dramatic Serial Co. and Bell-Phillip Television Productions Inc.[6] "It's worked out very well for us because we really all worked in very different aspects of the show," William Bell Jr. said. "With my father and I, it was a great kind of partnership and pairing in the sense that he had a total control of the creative side of the show and I didn't have even the inclination to interject in what he was doing."[6]

After William J. Bell's 1998 retirement, a number of different head writers took over the position, including Kay Alden, Trent Jones, John F. Smith, Lynn Marie Latham, Scott Hamner, Josh Griffith, Maria Arena Bell, and Hogan Sheffer.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Filming and broadcasting

Taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles since its debut on March 26, 1973, the show was packaged by the distribution company Columbia Pictures Television.[3][23] The Young and the Restless originally aired as a half-hour series on CBS and was the first soap opera to focus on the visual aspects of production, creating "a look that broke with the visual conventions of the genre."[2][3] Similar to radio shows, soap operas at the time primarily focused on dialogue, characters, and story, with details like sets as secondary concerns.[2] The Young and the Restless stood out by using unique lighting techniques and camera angles, similar to Hollywood-style productions.[23][24] The style of filming included using out of the ordinary camera angles and a large amount of facial close-ups with bright lighting on the actors' faces.[2][23][24][25] Conboy said he used lighting to create "artistic effects".[24] Those effects made the series look dark, shadowy, and moody.[2][24] The Young and the Restless' look influenced the filming styles of other soap operas.[2] When H. Wesley Kenney replaced Conboy as executive producer, he balanced the lighting of the scenes.[25]

Due to the success of the series, CBS and their affiliates pressured Bell to lengthen the series from 30 minutes to a full hour. Bell attributed this change to the show's fall from number one in the Nielsen ratings, since the lengthening of the show led to the departure of a number of cast members.[2] "The issue of performing in a one-hour show had not been part of their contracts," Bell said.[2] This forced the show to recast multiple main characters and eventually phase out the original core families in favor of new ones.[2]

On June 27, 2001, The Young and the Restless became the first daytime soap opera to be broadcast in high-definition.[26] On April 24, 2006, SoapNet began airing same-day episodes of the series.[5]

Casting and story development

2007–2008 The Young and the Restless cast photo.
Top row (l-r): Ted Shackelford, Tammy Lauren, Bryton James, Christel Khalil
Second row: Greg Rikaart, Judith Chapman, Kate Linder, Amelia Heinle, Thad Luckinbill, Vincent Irizarry, Eyal Podell, Daniel Goddard, Tammin Sursok
Third row: Nia Peeples, Kristoff St. John, Jeanne Cooper, Eric Braeden, Melody Thomas Scott, Jess Walton, Emily O'Brien
Bottom row: Doug Davidson, Vail Bloom, Christian LeBlanc, Tracey E. Bregman, Joshua Morrow, Adrienne Frantz, Michelle Stafford, Michael Graziadei, Sharon Case, Peter Bergman, Hunter Allan, Don Diamont, Darcy Rose Byrnes

Co-creators William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell centered The Young and the Restless around two core families, the wealthy Brooks' and the poor Fosters.[2][12][14] Bell borrowed this technique of soap opera building from his mentor, Irna Phillips.[23]

While casting for the series, Bell and executive producer John Conboy auditioned 540 actors for the 13 main characters.[27] They assembled the youngest group of actors ever cast on a soap opera at the time, hiring mostly unknown actors[28] who they considered "glamorous model types".[23] Chemistry between actors also factored into the criteria for casting.[24] The stories focused on the younger characters, with an emphasis in fantasy.[2][14] The fantasy element was reflected in the love story between Jill Foster and the millionaire Phillip Chancellor II; the Leslie Brooks, Brad Elliot, and Laurie Brooks love triangle; and Snapper Foster's romance with Chris Brooks.[2][24]

Sexuality also played a major role in the stories.[2][23][25] Formerly, soap operas did not delve into the sexual side of their romances. Bell changed that, first during his time as head writer of Days of our Lives and again on The Young and the Restless.[23] William Gray Espy's Snapper Foster is considered the "first to discover sex on a soap opera."[25] During the story, the character is engaged to Chris Brooks (Trish Stewart) and having a sexual relationship with Sally McGuire (Lee Crawford).[25] Other plots reflected sexual themes as well. For the first time in the genre, the dialogue and the story situations included explicit sexual themes such as premarital intercourse, impotence, incest, and rape.[2] The series also explored social issues. Jennifer Brooks underwent the first mastectomy on a soap opera.[24] Other social issue storylines included bulimia, alcoholism, and cancer.[29] Lesbianism was also touched on with Katherine Chancellor, who flirts with Jill while drunk in 1974 and has a brief relationship with Joann Curtis (Kay Heberle) in 1977.[29]

When the series lengthened from a half hour to an hour in 1980, multiple cast members who portrayed characters from the original core families departed because their contracts only bound them to performing in a half hour show.[2] A number of the characters were recast until one of the few remaining original actors, Jamie Lyn Bauer, who portrayed Lauralee Brooks, decided to leave. When she announced her intention not to renew her contract, Bell decided to replace the original core families.[2] "As I studied the remaining cast, I realized I had two characters- Paul Williams, played by Doug Davidson, and Jack Abbott, played by Terry Lester- both of whom had a relatively insignificant presence on the show," Bell said. "They didn't have families. Hell, they didn't even have bedrooms. But these became the two characters I would build our two families around."[2]

The characters from the Abbott and Williams families were integrated into the series while the Brooks and Foster families, with the exception of Jill, were phased out. The continuity of the feud between Jill and Katherine, which began in the early years of the show, smoothed the transition.[2] The relationship between the two characters remained a central theme throughout the series and became the longest lasting rivalry in daytime history.[9]

Another character introduced in the 1980s was Eric Braeden's Victor Newman.[2][7] Originally, the character was "a despicable, contemptible, unfaithful wife abuser" who was intended to be killed off.[7] Braeden's tenure on the show was meant to last between eight and twelve weeks. "When I saw Eric Braeden's first performance- the voice, the power, the inner strength- I knew immediately that I didn't want to lose this man," Bell said. "He was exactly what the show needed. Not the hateful man we saw on-screen, but the man he could and would become."[7] Bell rewrote the story to save the character and put Braeden on contract. Victor's romance with Nikki Reed became a prominent plot in the series.[7]

In the 1990s, core black characters were introduced with the Barber and Winters families. Victoria Rowell (Drucilla Barber) and Tonya Lee Williams (Dr. Olivia Barber) were cast as the nieces of the Abbott's maid, Mamie Johnson, in 1990.[30] The brothers Neil (Kristoff St. John) and Malcolm Winters (Shemar Moore) were introduced as love interests for Olivia and Drucilla.[8] The Young and the Restless became popular among black viewers, which Williams and St. John attributed to the writing for the black characters.[8][31][32] "I play a CEO at a major corporation, that's something we don't see that often," St. John said. "And the show doesn't use the old African-American stereotypes that we have been seeing on TV, like the hustler, the pimp, the drug dealer. We have come a long way."[31] Though the characters held prominent positions in the fictional work place of Genoa City, they had little interaction with other characters outside of their jobs.[33]

Awards

The serial has won 100 Daytime Emmys, along with 334 nominations. The following list summarizes awards won by The Young and the Restless:

Daytime Emmy Awards

Category Recipient Role Year(s)
Outstanding Drama Series 1975,[34] 1983,[35] 1985,[36] 1986,[37] 1993,[38] 2004,[39] 2007[40]
Outstanding Individual Director in a Daytime Drama Series Richard Dunlap 1975,[4] 1978[41]
Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989,[42] 1996,[43] 1997,[44] 1998,[45] 1999,[46] 2000,[47] 2001,[48] 2002[49]
Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team 1992,[50] 1997,[44] 2006,[51]
Lead Actor Peter Bergman
Eric Braeden
Christian LeBlanc
 Jack Abbott
Victor Newman
Michael Baldwin
 1991,[52] 1992,[53] 2002[49]
1998[45]
2005,[54] 2007[40] 2009[55]
Lead Actress Jess Walton
Michelle Stafford
Jeanne Cooper		 Jill Foster Abbott
Phyllis Summers
Katherine Chancellor		 1997[44]
2004[39]
2008[56]
Supporting Actor Shemar Moore
Greg Rikaart
Kristoff St. John
Billy Miller		 Malcolm Winters
Kevin Fisher
Neil Winters
Billy Abbott		 2000[47]
2005[54]
2008[56]
2010[57]
Supporting Actress Beth Maitland
Jess Walton
Michelle Stafford
Sharon Case		 Traci Abbott Connolly
Jill Foster Abbott
Phyllis Summers
Sharon Newman		 1985[36]
1991[52]
1997[44]
1999[46]
Younger Actress Tracey E. Bregman
Tricia Cast
Heather Tom
Camryn Grimes		 Lauren Fenmore
Nina Webster
Victoria Newman
Cassie Newman		 1985[36]
1992[53]
1993,[38] 1999[46]
2000[47]
Younger Actor Kristoff St. John
David Tom
David Lago
Bryton James		 Neil Winters
Billy Abbott
Raul Guittierez
Devon Hamilton		 1992[53]
2000[47]
2005 [54]
2007[40]

TV Soap Golden Boomerang Awards

Writers Guild of America Awards

Broadcasts outside the United States

Australia In Australia, The Young and the Restless airs on Foxtel's W. Channel at 12 pm, and on the timeshift channel, W2, at 2 pm. Repeats of each day's episode air the following morning at 7:10 am and an omnibus edition airs at 8:10 am on Saturdays. It previously aired on Channel 9 from April 1, 1974 to February 23, 2007, before joining the W. line-up on April 2, 2007. Episodes are 9 months behind those airing in the US at present.

Belgium In Belgium, the show airs on RTBF-La Une as "Les Feux de l'Amour" at 12:00 (dubbed in French) and is 3 years behind the U.S.

Brazil In Brazil, the show aired on Sony Entertainment Television for a brief time during the 1990s.

In Mexico, Cablevision on American Network channel 475

Canada In Canada, Global TV airs new episodes a day ahead of CBS in the United States. Most Global stations use The Young and the Restless as a late-afternoon lead-in for their local newscasts, but times vary by market. It also airs on NTV in Newfoundland and Labrador which airs new episodes one day ahead, and on E! (Canada) in Kelowna, British Columbia, which is not one day ahead.

Finland In Finland the show airs on MTV3 under the title Tunteita ja tuoksuja ("Senses and scents").

France In France, the show screens on TF1 as "Les Feux de l'Amour" (Fires of Love) at 13:55, since August 16, 1989. The show started from episode #3263 (aired on CBS on January 10, 1986), so the first 13 years were never viewed. The episodes are currently 3.5 years behind the US.

Germany In Germany, the show aired on ZDF from March to December 2008. The network canceled the show because of bad ratings. The episodes were two years behind the US and the show is known as Schatten der Leidenschaft (Shadows of the Passion).

Greece In Greece, the show airs on ET1 (Public TV Channel) at 17:00. Episodes are six years behind the US. It's known as Ατίθασα νιάτα (Atithasa niata) (literally Untameable Youth).

India In India, the show began airing in February, 2007 on Zee Cafe at 20:00. The channel started with episodes from 2004.

Italy In Italy, the show aired till October 2009 on Rete 4, using the Italian title Febbre d'amore (Love Fever). Episodes were three years behind the US. The Young and the Restless' first Italian broadcast was in 1983.

Jamaica In Jamaica, the show airs on CVMTV at 7pm.

New Zealand In New Zealand, The Young and the Restless used to air on TV ONE. Episodes were four years behind the US.

Romania In Romania, the show airs on ProTV at 16:00 as "Tânăr şi neliniştit" and it is around 5 years behind the show in the U.S.

Norway In Norway, The Young and the Restless aired on FEM (TV channel) from 2007–2008 .

Poland In Poland, The Young and the Restless aired from September 1997 to August 2000 on Polsat, with 780 episodes broadcast. On September 1, 2008 the network began airing the show again, starting with episode 7090 from March 2001. The Polish title is Żar młodości, which translates into Fervor of Youth.

Serbia In Serbia, B92 aired the show briefly in 2007, as "Mladi i nestašni". It also aired on TV Palma for a period of time in the 1990s, titled "Mladi i nemirni".

Slovenia In Slovenia, the show airs on Kanal A as Mladi in nemirni. Episodes currently air from the first half of 2007.

South Africa In South Africa, the show airs on e.tv at 17:10. The Young and the Restless was moved from the 17:30 timeslot to the 17:10 timeslot, after Passions was canceled in South Africa on September 12, 2008. The show was originally aired in South Africa in the early 1990s, dubbed into the Afrikaans language, and entitled 'Rustelose Jare' (Restless Years). In 1999 The Young and the Restless was canceled but the show returned to South African television screens in June 2004, with no overhead foreign translations. Episodes are between 11 and 12 months behind that of the USA.

Sweden In Sweden, the show aired on tv4 and tv3 from 2002–2005. The show was called Makt och begär, which means Power and desire.

Switzerland In Switzerland, the show airs on TSR at 11:10 as "Les Feux de l'Amour" and is 3 years behind the U.S.

Turkey In Turkey, the show used to air on TRT 2. It was called "Yalan Rüzgarı", which means "Wind of Lies" between 1988-1996. The name was derived from the initials of The Young and the Restless.

United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, The Young and the Restless airs mindnight's on the digital channel CBS Drama . The Episodes are 4 years and 8 months behind the US.

Czech Republic In the Czech Republic Mladí a neklidní gets about 2/100 of ranking.[58]

Theme song and other music

"Nadia's Theme" has been the theme song of The Young and the Restless since the show's debut in 1973. The melody, originally titled "Cotton's Dream", was written by Barry De Vorzon and Perry Botkin, Jr. as incidental music for the 1971 theatrical film Bless the Beasts and Children. The melody was later renamed "Nadia's Theme" after the ABC television network lent the music for Romanian gymnast Nadia Comăneci's performance during the 1976 Summer Olympics.[59]

Botkin wrote a rearranged version of the piece specifically for The Young and the Restless' debut, which has basically remained unchanged, save for a three-year stint in the early 2000s, when an alternate, more jazzy arrangement of that tune was used. The closing stinger of that arrangement has been used as a mid-show bumper since around 2004 for original CBS airings.

All background music for the show has been composed by first, Don McGinnis, Jerry Winn, and Bob Todd, with Jack Alloco and Jez Davidson assuming the duties in the 1980s. During the 1980s, the show employed a mixture of the original score and new pieces composed by Alloco and Davidson. However, Alloco and Davidson kept all background music within a classical theme, to provide continuity. Two soundtrack albums were released, one in 1974 by Pickwick International Records, and another in 1998 by Paradigm Records. The 1974 release contained many pieces from the original score by Winn, McGinnis, and Todd, while the 1998 release was made up entirely of compositions by Alloco and Davidson. The music composed by Alloco and Davidson makes up 90 percent of the show's score today, supplemented by occasional music from other sources. Music from Winn, McGinnis, and Todd is also still used occasionally. Other background pieces were also utilized from the film soundtrack "Bless The Beasts And Children", an instrumental version of the movie's title tune was used often in the show's early years, last being used in February, 2001. A song titled "Universal Mind" from the Mystic Moods album Awakening (also composed by Winn, McGinnis, and Todd) was used frequently in the first ten years of the show.

Title sequence

The Young and the Restless logo, seen from January 2, 1984 to December 23, 1999.

The opening title sequence has also become well-known. For many years since the show's debut, it showcased the characters, drawn by an artist, on a white background. For the first year, the character's portraits were seen behind the The Young and the Restless title. For the remaining years until 1984, the characters' headshots were seen to the right of the show's title.

Starting in 1984, the sequence both began and ended with an interlocking Y and R painted on the white canvas in a sweeping brush motion. The logo (and in the earlier years, the drawings) were done by artist Sandy Dvore. The drawings were now sketched with a lighter shade of gray than the previous sketches. The drawings were replaced with live-action shots of the characters in formal or semi-formal wear, still on a white background, in 1988.

The "red curtain" title card, used from December 24, 1999 until March 28, 2003.

Beginning on December 24, 1999, in an unprecedented move for a main title sequence of a daytime soap opera, the names of the principal cast members were mentioned (whereas previously the main title only showed the cast members' faces); however, Y&R continues to include the main cast members' names in an alternate version of the closing credits once a week. In 2005, The Bold and the Beautiful began showing the performers' names in the title sequence, the only other American soap to do so until February 23, 2010, when General Hospital began using the contract cast members' names in the title sequence. The 1999 version also included live-action shots of the characters, but featured in front of a wind blowing satin red curtain as the background.

On March 31, 2003 the title sequence was given a complete makeover, now featuring black-and-white footage from the series with the actors' names in lower case in red at either the top or bottom of the screen (a possible throwback to the shows early years when the cast members sketches were also black and white). Before and after the footage of the actors is the silhouette of a woman in a form-fitting dress walking toward the camera, shown from the neck down. Although the producers have never confirmed the woman's identity, cast member Michelle Stafford (Phyllis) has admitted to being the woman in question. The opening was last updated to reflect new additions to the cast in June 2006. In an interview in December 2008, co-executive producer Maria Arena Bell stated that updating the opening is "on our minds, for sure. We’re hopeful we can get to that very soon."[60]

For over 25 years, the announcer for the show's opening and closing credits was Bern Bennett, who would tell viewers to "Join us again for The Young and the Restless." In 2003, Bennett retired and CBS hired former casting assistant Marnie Saitta for the job of announcer. In 2006 Marnie Saitta was replaced by cast members announcing for the show.

Closing title

Since the very first episode in 1973, the end credits were always featured on the left side of the screen while the right side consisted of art drawings (1973–1984), the familiar brush stroke logo (1984–1994; 1999–), and the live action cast montage (1994–1999) on the right side of the screen. A longer cut from "Nadia's Theme" was played over the closing, along with the aforementioned announcement "Join us again for The Young and the Restless". As with all daytime soaps until the late 1990s, the cast and crew were not credited in every episode; sometimes, the only thing featured in the credits was the copyright info with the production companies listed and the fact the show was taped at CBS Television City. In 1999, CBS did away with the classic closing in favor of inserting a network promo with the credits listed on the network billboard at the bottom of the screen (the right side from 1999–2005); this is a procedure that has become standard among most channels. However, most international networks and SoapNet in the U.S. still broadcast the traditional closing credits.

Ratings

As of 2009, The Young and the Restless has managed over 1000 consecutive weeks in the #1 spot for daytime dramas .[61] Despite this, the show reached a record low of 4,380,000 viewers on Friday, June 13, 2008. Other lows were 4,392,000 viewers on Friday, October 17, 2008, 4,487,000 viewers on Friday, September 19, 2008, 4,491,000 viewers on Friday, May 9, 2008, 4,548,000 on Thursday, October 16, 2008, 4,563,000 viewers on Friday, October 3, 2008, and 4,805,000 viewers on Friday, August 31, 2007.

When introduced during the 1972–73 season, the show was at the bottom of the ratings, but rose rapidly: ninth by 1974–75 and third by 1975–76. By 1988–1989 it had dethroned long-time leader General Hospital as the top-rated soap, a position it has held ever since.

Daytime History: Highest Rated Week (November 16–20, 1981) (Nielsen Media Research)

Serial Household Rating (Time Slot) Network
General Hospital 16.0 (3-4pm) ABC
All My Children 10.2 (1-2pm) ABC
One Life to Live 10.2 (2-3pm) ABC
Guiding Light 7.9 (3-4pm) CBS
The Young and the Restless 7.3 (11:00–12:00pm) CBS

1995 Daytime Serial Ratings

Rank/Serial Avg. Millions Of Viewers (Per Episode)
The Young and the Restless 7.155
All My Children 5.891
General Hospital 5.343
The Bold and the Beautiful 5.247
One Life to Live 5.152

Before The Young and the Restless was #1

1972-1973 season

1973-1974 season

1974-1975 season

1975-1976 season

1976-1977 season

1977-1978 season

1978-1979 season

1979-1980 season

1980-1981 season

1981-1982 season

1982-1983 season

1983-1984 season

1984-1985 season

1985-1986 season

1986-1987 season

1987-1988 season

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Young and the Restless". E! True Hollywood Story. E!. 2001-05-20.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 Simon, Ron; Thompson, Robert J.; Spence, Louise; Feuer, Jane (1997). Morton, Robert. ed. Worlds Without End: The Art and History of the Soap Opera. New York, New York: Harry N Abrams. pp. 150–151. ISBN 0-810-93997-5. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hyatt, Wesley (1997). The Encyclopedia of Daytime Television. Billboard Books. pp. 476–482. ISBN 0-823083-15-2. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 McNeil, Alex (1996). Total Television: The Comprehensive Guide to Programming From 1948 to the Present. Fourth Edition. Penguin Books. pp. 931–934. ISBN 01402.49168. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Martin, Denise (March 17, 2006). "Sudser Slides to SoapNet". Variety magazine. http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=print_story&articleid=VR1117939914&categoryid=1236. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "The Young and the Restless 35th Anniversary Salute". Los Angeles Times. April 9, 2008. http://www.latimes.com/extras/events/custom_publishing/arcPdf_storage/other/Y&R_08.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-06. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Worlds Without End, p. 33
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Black Stars Heat Up Daytime Soaps". Jet. October 13, 1997. pp. 52–56. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Y&R: Famous Plots – Kay/Jill Feud". Youngandtherestless.com. http://www.theyoungandtherestless.com/show_guide/famous_plots_detail_437.html. Retrieved 2009-02-25. 
  10. ↑ "Y&R: Famous Plots". Global.com. http://yr.globaltv.com/About/FamousPlots.aspx#katherine. Retrieved 2009-02-26. 
  11. ↑ Coleridge, Daniel (2004-04-26). "TV Guide Editors' Blogs – Daniel's Dish". TV Guide. http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Daniels-Dish/Daniels-Daytime-Emmy/700001052. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Matelski, Marilyn (1988). The Soap Opera Evolution:America's Enduring Romance with Daytime Drama. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers. pp. 164. ISBN 0899503241. 
  13. ↑ "Timeline". [Sony]. http://www.theyoungandtherestless.com/yrforever/timeline/. Retrieved 2010-02-24. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Cassata, Mary; Irwin, Barbara (1996). Hoffman, Peter. ed. The Young and the Restless Most Memorable Moments. Los Angeles, California: General Publishing Group. pp. 9. ISBN 1-881649-87-3. 
  15. ↑ Dorothy Catherine Anger (1999). Other Worlds: Society Seen Through Soap Opera. University of Toronto Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 9781551111032. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Oei, Lily (December 5, 2001). "Exec replaces Scott". Variety magazine. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117856800.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&query=young+and+the+restless. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Gladden, Chelsea P.. "Ask the Writers!". Sony. http://theyoungandtherestless.com/specials/interviews_detail_1034.html. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Gladden, Chelsea P.. "Checking in with Lynn...". Sony. http://www.theyoungandtherestless.com/specials/interviews_detail_2630.html. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Soap Watch". Entertainment Weekly date=February 22, 2008. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20179944_2,00.html. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Branco, Nelson. "Soap Whisperer". TV Guide Canada date=May 27, 2009. http://tvguide.ca/Soaps/Features/Articles/090526_maria_arena_bell_NB. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  21. ↑ Oei, Lily (March 4, 2004). "Ellen the talk of the Emmys". Variety magazine. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117901205.html?categoryid=1237&cs=1&query=trent+jones+young+and+the+restless. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  22. ↑ "Daytime Emmy Nominations". Variety magazine. March 14, 2007. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117901205.html?categoryid=1237&cs=1&query=trent+jones+young+and+the+restless. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 Worlds Without End, p. 36.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 Soares, Manuela (1978). The Soap Opera Book. New York, New York: Harmony Books. pp. 29–31. ISBN 0517533316. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 Williams, Carol Traynor (1992). It's Time for My Story. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. pp. 31. ISBN 027594297X. 
  26. ↑ Prikios, Karen Anderson (2001-06-25). "Finding the art in HDTV". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA90337.html?display=Special+Report. Retrieved 2007-05-13. 
  27. ↑ Denis, Paul (1985). Inside the Soaps. Don Mills, Ontario, Canada: Citadel Press. pp. 116–119. ISBN 0806509406. 
  28. ↑ Gilbert, Annie (1979). All My Afternoons. New York, New York: A & W Publishing. pp. 152–162. ISBN 0891040986. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Williams, p. 98
  30. ↑ Williams, p. 103
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Waldron, Clarence (April 7, 2008). "'Young and the Restless' Celebrates 35 Years of Drama, Success". Jet. pp. 56–59. 
  32. ↑ Worlds Without End, p. 93
  33. ↑ Worlds Without End, p. 107
  34. ↑ "1975 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1975/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  35. ↑ "1983 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1983/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 "1985 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1975/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  37. ↑ "1986 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1986/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "1993 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1993/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "2004 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners2004/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 "2007 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/Emmys/2007emmynominees/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  41. ↑ McNeil, p. 1075.
  42. ↑ McNeil, p. 1095–1102
  43. ↑ "1996 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1996/index.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 "1997 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1997/index.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "1998 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1998/index.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 "1999 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1999/index.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 "2000 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners2000/index.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  48. ↑ "2001 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners2001/index.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "2002 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners2002/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  50. ↑ McNeil, p. 1111
  51. ↑ "2006 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/Emmys/winners2006/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "1991 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1991/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 "1992 Emmy Winners & Nominees". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys.old/winners1992/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "2005 Emmy Award Winners". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/Emmys/2005emmywinners/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  55. ↑ "2009 Daytime Emmys". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/daytime_emmy_winners_2009/index.html. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "2008 Daytime Emmys". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://www.soapoperadigest.com/awards/2008-daytime-emmys-winners/. Retrieved June 21, 2010. 
  57. ↑ "2010 Daytime Emmys". SoapOperaDigest.com. http://soapoperadigest.com/daytime_emmy_winners_2010/. Retrieved June 28, 2010. 
  58. ↑ film's page on csfd.cz
  59. ↑ Nadia Comaneci at Olympic.org
  60. ↑ Maria Arena Bell opening comment, TV Guide Canada
  61. ↑ The Young and the Restless To Mark 1000 Weeks on Top! – The Young and the Restless News – Soaps.com

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